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#!/bin/bash
# -------------------------------------------------------------
# Autor: Juan Pablo Parra
# Descripción: Calculadora básica en Bash que soporta suma,
# multiplicación y potencia. Solo opera con
# números naturales (enteros positivos).
# Incluye mensajes de error y ayuda (--h, --help).
# -------------------------------------------------------------
# --- Función de ayuda ---
mostrar_ayuda() {
echo "---------------------------------------------"
echo " Calculadora en Bash - Ayuda"
echo "---------------------------------------------"
echo "Uso:"
echo " ./calculadora.sh <num1> <operador> <num2>"
echo ""
echo "Operaciones disponibles:"
echo " + Suma de dos números"
echo " * Multiplicación de dos números"
echo " ** Potencia (num1 elevado a num2)"
echo ""
echo "Ejemplos:"
echo " ./calculadora.sh 2 + 2 → 4"
echo " ./calculadora.sh 3 '*' 3 → 9"
echo " ./calculadora.sh 2 '**' 3 → 8"
echo ""
echo "Notas:"
echo " - Usa comillas para los operadores * y ** para"
echo " evitar que el shell los expanda."
echo " - Solo se aceptan números naturales (enteros positivos)."
echo " - Si ocurre un error, el script retorna código 1."
echo "---------------------------------------------"
exit 0
}
# --- Verificar si se pidió ayuda antes de validar nada ---
if [[ "$1" == "-h" || "$1" == "--help" ]]; then
mostrar_ayuda
fi
# --- Validación de argumentos ---
if [ $# -lt 3 ]; then
echo "Error: uso incorrecto. Use -h o --help para ver ayuda."
exit 1
fi
# --- Extracción de argumentos ---
num1=$1
op=$2
num2=$3
# --- Validar que los operandos sean números naturales ---
if ! [[ "$num1" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]] || ! [[ "$num2" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then
echo "Error: los operandos deben ser números naturales (enteros positivos)."
exit 1
fi
# --- Selección de operación ---
case "$op" in
"+")
result=$((num1 + num2))
;;
"*")
result=$((num1 * num2))
;;
"**"|"^")
result=$((num1 ** num2))
;;
*)
echo "Error: operación no reconocida. Use +, * o **"
exit 1
;;
esac
# --- Mostrar resultado ---
echo "$result"
exit 0

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# ---> C
# Prerequisites
*.d
# Object files
*.o
*.ko
*.obj
*.elf
# Linker output
*.ilk
*.map
*.exp
# Precompiled Headers
*.gch
*.pch
# Libraries
*.lib
*.a
*.la
*.lo
# Shared objects (inc. Windows DLLs)
*.dll
*.so
*.so.*
*.dylib
# Executables
*.exe
*.out
*.app
*.i*86
*.x86_64
*.hex
# Debug files
*.dSYM/
*.su
*.idb
*.pdb
# Kernel Module Compile Results
*.mod*
*.cmd
.tmp_versions/
modules.order
Module.symvers
Mkfile.old
dkms.conf
# ---> C++
# Prerequisites
*.d
# Compiled Object files
*.slo
*.lo
*.o
*.obj
# Precompiled Headers
*.gch
*.pch
# Compiled Dynamic libraries
*.so
*.dylib
*.dll
# Fortran module files
*.mod
*.smod
# Compiled Static libraries
*.lai
*.la
*.a
*.lib
# Executables
*.exe
*.out
*.app

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[submodule "sysadmin-utils"]
path = sysadmin-utils
url = https://dev.ilab.cl/sysadmin/utils
[submodule "c/coreutils"]
path = c/coreutils
url = https://git.savannah.gnu.org/git/coreutils.git
[submodule "flask"]
path = flask
url = https://dev.ilab.cl/public/pythonweb

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number of the GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever
published by the Free Software Foundation.
If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of
the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's public statement
of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to choose that version
for the Program.
Later license versions may give you additional or different permissions. However,
no additional obligations are imposed on any author or copyright holder as
a result of your choosing to follow a later version.
15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE
LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR
OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS
TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM
PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR
CORRECTION.
16. Limitation of Liability.
IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL
ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS THE PROGRAM
AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL,
INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO
USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED
INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE
PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER
PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided above cannot
be given local legal effect according to their terms, reviewing courts shall
apply local law that most closely approximates an absolute waiver of all civil
liability in connection with the Program, unless a warranty or assumption
of liability accompanies a copy of the Program in return for a fee. END OF
TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible
use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software
which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach
them to the start of each source file to most effectively state the exclusion
of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a
pointer to where the full notice is found.
<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
this program. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short notice like
this when it starts in an interactive mode:
<program> Copyright (C) <year> <name of author>
This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain
conditions; type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program's commands might
be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. For
more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may
consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General Public
License instead of this License. But first, please read <https://www.gnu.org/
licenses /why-not-lgpl.html>.

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# Repositorio de Código del Laboratorio de Sistemas Operativos
Este repositorio contiene algunos de los codigos vistos en clases. El objetivo es que se familiaricen con la interfaz de `git` y además poder acceder los scripts y programas de manera centralizada.
## Directorios
* sysadmin-utils: repositorio con scripts usados en la administración de las VM del servidor
* bash: Scripts relacionados con Bash
* c: Scripts relacionados con C
* html: Páginas web y contenido estático
* flask: Scripts relacionados con Python-Flask

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#!/bin/bash
mkdir Compartidos
cd Compartidos
mkdir Instaladores
mkdir Respaldos
cd Instaladores
mkdir Linux
mkdir Windows
mkdir MacOS

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#!/bin/bash
mkdir -p Compartidos/Instaladores/Windows
mkdir -p Compartidos/Instaladores/MacOS
mkdir -p Compartidos/Instaladores/Linux
mkdir -p Compartidos/Respaldos

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#! /bin/bash
#7. Realizar un script llamado 'usuarioconectado' que retorna un SI si el primer par ámetro coincide con algún usuario conectado o NO en caso contrario.
function ayuda() {
cat << DESCRIPCION_AYUDA
SYNOPSIS
$0 NOMBRE_USUARIO
DESCRIPCION
Devuelve:
SI si NOMBRE_USUARIO coincide con algún usuario conectado o
NO si NOMBRE_USUARIO no coincide con ningún usuario conectado
CÓDIGOS DE RETORNO
1 Si el número de parámetros es distinto de 1
DESCRIPCION_AYUDA
}
# si número de parámetros distinto 1
if [ $# ­-ne 1 ]; then #comentario
echo "El número de parámetros debe de igual a 1"
ayuda
exit 1
fi
ESTA_CONECTADO=`who | grep $1`
if [ -z "$ESTA_CONECTADO" ]; then
echo "NO"
else
echo "SI"
fi

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#! /bin/bash
#Realizar un script llamado 'ordena' que liste el contenido del directorio actual ordenado por tamaño del archivo de menor a mayor. El listado sólo mostrará el nombre de los archivos y el número de línea correspondiente. En elcaso de que se introduzca algún parámetro se mostrará el siguiente mensaje de error: “No se permiten parámetros.” y retornará un código de retorno igual a 1.
# si el número de parámetros es distinto de 0
if [ "$#" != "0" ]; then
# muestra un mensaje de error y sale
echo "No se permiten parámetros."
exit 1
fi
# muestra el listado ordenado de menor a mayor por el tamaño# sacando sólo el nombre del archivo y el número de línea
ls -l | sort ­-nk 5 | awk '{ print $9 }' | nl

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#! /bin/bash
# función de ayuda
function ayuda() {
cat << DESCRPCION_AYUDA
SYNOPSIS
$0 NUMERO_1 NUMERO_2
DESCRIPCIÓN
Retorna la multiplicación de NUMERO_1 y NUMERO_2
CÓDIGOS DE RETORNO
1 Si el número de parámetros es distinto de 2
2 Si algún parámetro no es un número
DESCRPCION_AYUDA
}
function comprobarQueNoEsNumero() {
if [ ­-n "$1" \­
-a "$1" != "0" \
-­a "`echo $1 | awk '{ print $1*1 }'`" != "$1" ]; then
echo "El parámetro '$1' no es un número"
ayuda
exit 2
fi
}
if [ $# -ne 2 ]; then
echo "El número de parámetros debe de ser igual a 2"
ayuda
exit 1
fi
comprobarQueNoEsNumero $1
comprobarQueNoEsNumero $2
echo $1 $2 | awk '{ print $1 * $2 }'

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#! /bin/bash
#25. Realizar las interfaces del demonio 'alerta' con las opciones básicas: start,stop, restart y status ('servicio­alerta.sh').
# función de ayuda
function ayuda() {
cat << DESCRIPCION_AYUDA
SYNOPIS
$0 start|stop|restart|status
DESCRIPCIÓN
Muestra que arraca, para, relanza y nos muestra el estado de 'alerta'.
CÓDIGOS DE RETORNO
0 Si no hay ningún error.
DESCRIPCION_AYUDA
}
DAEMON=alerta
PIDFILE=/tmp/$DAEMON.pid
# función que arranca 'alerta'
function do_start() {
# si exite el fichero
if [ -­e $PIDFILE ]; then
echo "El proceso ya se está ejecutando."
exit 0;
fi
./$DAEMON &
echo $! > $PIDFILE
echo "Ejecutandose..."
}
# función que para 'alerta'function
do_stop() {
# si exite el fichero
if [ -­e $PIDFILE ]; then
kill ­-9 `cat $PIDFILE`
rm $PIDFILE
fi
echo "Parado."
}
# función que para y arrance 'alerta'
function do_restart() {
do_stop
do_start
}
# función que muestra el estado de 'alerta'
function do_status() {
# si exite el fichero
if [ ­-e $PIDFILE ]; then
echo "Ejecutandose..."
else
echo "Parado."
fi
}
# si primer parámetro == '­-h' o == '--­­help'
if [ "$1" == "­-h" ­-o "$1" == "­­--help" ]; then
ayuda
exit 0
fi
case $1 in
start)
do_start ;;
stop)
do_stop ;;
restart)
do_restart ;;
status)
do_status ;;
*)
echo "Parámetro '$1' incorrecto.";;
esac

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# Repositorio de Codigo C y C++
Acá vamos a dejar codigos relacionados con el contenido visto en C y C++
## directorios
* coreutils: Codigo fuente de los utilitarios GNU (cat, head, ls...)
* cpp-cat: Ejemplo básico de como hacer un `cat` en C++
* c-cat: Ejemplo básico de como hace run `cat` en C
* daemon: Plantilla para hacer un demonio/servicio en C
## Prerequisitos para compilar
En sistemas basados en debian, primero debemos instalar los utilitarios de compilación, para eso debemos ejecutar con permisos de *superusuario*:
`apt-get install build-essential`
En el caso de *coreutils*, requiere ademas instalar:
`apt build-dep coreutils`
### como compilar proyectos
Cada proyecto *deberia* tener instrucciones de como se compila, estos normalmente estan en los archivos README e INSTALL. Pero acá vamos a cubrir algunos pasos generales y basicos.
Primero se debe buscar por archivos ejecutables en el directorio base, normalmente existe uno llamado `configure`, pero en el caso de coreutils requiere un paso adicional previo:
`./bootstrap`
este ejecutable, descarga todos el codigo fuente necesario para compilar coreutils, luego se encuentra disponible el ejecutable:
`./configure`
Esto detecta que tengas el compilador y las bibliotecas necesarias para realizar la compilación, y parametros relacionados con el tipo de procesador y sistema operativo en el que te encuentras. Finalmente, se puede compilar usando el comando `make` que tiene varios argumentos:
* `make clean`: Para limpiar todos los archivos compilados que existan
* `make`: Para compilar todo lo que sea necesario (detecta cambios en los codigos fuente para volver a compilar)
* `make install`: Para copiar los archivos compilados al path. Este paso es opcional y requiere privilegios de *superusuario*
Se recomienda leer la documentación porque cada proyecto tiene sus sutilezas y pasos extra.
### Compilar codigo en C
Para compilar codigo en C debes usar el compilador `gcc` pasandole como argumento el codigo fuente. En el caso que quieras generar un archivo ejecutable se debe entregar el argumento `-o salida` con el nombre del programa que quieres tener de salida.
`gcc mi-cat.c -o migatitoc`
### Compilar codigo en C++
El procedimiento es idéntico al caso anterior, solo que debes usar un compilador de C++ como `g++`.
`g++ mi-cat.cpp -o migatitocpp`

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/*
* Este programa tiene caracteristicas similares a GNU cat.
* Recibe un argumento (nombre de un archivo) para mostrar en la pantalla
* Por ahora esta version de cat, no soporta tuberias :'(
*
* Autor: Israel Figueroa @ 2020
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#define BUFF_LEN 65535
/*
* Funcion principal (main). Esta es la que se inicia al ejecutarse el programa.
* Devuelve un entero (valor de retorno) y recibe dos parametros. argc y argv
* Estos contienen el numero de argumentos (argc) y los argumentos como cadenas (argv)
*/
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
FILE *archivo;
char buffer[BUFF_LEN];
// Verifica que reciba 1 argumento y si no lo recibe muestra un mensaje de ayuda
if (argc != 2) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error: uso: %s nombredearchivo\n", argv[0]);
return (-1);
}
// Abre el archivo y verifica que sea un archivo valido antes de prosegir
archivo = fopen(argv[1], "r");
if(archivo == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "(%s) Error al abrir el archivo : %s\n", argv[0], argv[1]);
return (-1);
}
// mientras no se acabe el archivo (End-Of-File) lee su contenido y lo imprime en stdout
while(!feof(archivo)) {
fread(buffer, BUFF_LEN, 1, archivo);
fprintf(stdout, "%s", buffer);
}
// Como buen programador, cierro mis archivos antes de salir
fclose(archivo);
exit(0);
}

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/*
* Este programa tiene caracteristicas similares a GNU cat.
* Recibe un argumento (nombre de un archivo) para mostrar en la pantalla
* Por ahora esta version de cat, no soporta tuberias :'(
*
* Autor: Israel Figueroa @ 2020
*/
/*
* Bibliotecas para manejo de flujos de streams y datos
*/
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
/*
* Namespace para acceder a las salidas y entradas estandar (cout, cin, cerr)
* Si no se declara se debe acceder usando std::cout, std::cin, std:cerr
*/
using namespace std;
/*
* Funcion principal (main). Esta es la que se inicia al ejecutarse el programa.
* Devuelve un entero (valor de retorno) y recibe dos parametros. argc y argv
* Estos contienen el numero de argumentos (argc) y los argumentos como cadenas (argv)
*/
int main (int argc, char *const argv[])
{
// Variable para guardar el archivo que se tiene que abrir
string nombrearchivo;
if (argc != 2)
{
cout << "Uso: migato <Archivo de Entrada> " << endl;
return 1;
}
else
{
nombrearchivo = argv[1];
}
// Abre el archivo
ifstream archivoentrada;
archivoentrada.open(nombrearchivo.c_str()); // c_str() convierte un tipo *string* en una cadena caracteres
// realiza un ciclo que no se detiene hasta llegar al final-de-archivo (end-of-file)
// Dentro del ciclo, escribes el texto en la salida estandar con un CR al final
string linea;
getline(archivoentrada, linea);
while (!archivoentrada.eof())
{
cout << linea << endl;
getline(archivoentrada, linea);
}
// Es de buena educación cerrar los archivos abiertos antes de salir
archivoentrada.close();
return 0;
}
/*
* Cabe notar que este programa tiene varios bugs y pocas funcionalidades
*/

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Israel Figueroa Pedreros <israel.figueroa@ilab.cl>

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#Instrucciones de Instalacion
Hay algunos pasos a seguir si se desea crear un Demonio a partir de este programa
## Modificar el Código
Hay que modificar algunos archivos.
* `utils/utils.h`: Contiene la Información sobre donde guardar los archivos y el directorio de trabajo del programa
* `monitor/monitor.c`: Contiene el código útil, donde se debe agregar las funcionalidades
## Compilar el código:
`make`
gcc -Wall -W -Wshadow -Wconversion -DVERSION=\"0.0.1\" -c -o obj/main.o main.cc
gcc -Wall -W -Wshadow -Wconversion -DVERSION=\"0.0.1\" -c -o obj/util.o util/util.cc
gcc -Wall -W -Wshadow -Wconversion -DVERSION=\"0.0.1\" -c -o obj/monitor.o monitor/monitor.cc
gcc -lpthread -Wl,-s -o DaemonD obj/main.o obj/util.o obj/monitor.o
### Pobar el demonio
`./DaemonD`
Por defecto debería crear un archivo `DaemonD.pid` con el Process id del Demonio y un `DaemonD.log` con los mensajes de salida.
## Instalación como servicio
Trae una plantilla de como instalar el programa como servicio del sistema, requiere modificar:
* `Makefile`: Debe descomentar la instrucción `install:`.
* `service/DaemonD.service`: Cambiar los nombres por defecto del servicio y el programa. Ajustarlos a los valores reales siguiendo lo realizado en el `Makefile`
Una vez modificado ambos archivos, es posible hacer la instalación ejecutando `make install` despues de hacer un `make`.
# Contacto
Sugerencias, ayuda o comentarios a israel.figueroa@ilab.cl.

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CC=gcc
VERSION=0.0.1
CMODOPT= -Wall -W -Wshadow -Wconversion -DVERSION=\"$(VERSION)\" -c -o
COPT= -lpthread -Wl,-s -o
DaemonD: obj/main.o obj/util.o obj/monitor.o
$(CC) $(COPT) DaemonD obj/main.o obj/util.o obj/monitor.o
obj/main.o: main.c util/util.h
$(CC) $(CMODOPT) obj/main.o main.c
obj/util.o: util/util.h util/util.c
$(CC) $(CMODOPT) obj/util.o util/util.c
obj/monitor.o: monitor/monitor.h monitor/monitor.c util/util.h
$(CC) $(CMODOPT) obj/monitor.o monitor/monitor.c
prefix=/usr/local/bin
#install:
# install -D DaemonD $(prefix)/DaemonD
# install -D -m 644 service/DaemonD.service /etc/systemd/system/DaemonD.service
# systemctl enable DaemonD.service
all:
rm -f obj/*.o
rm DaemonD
make
clean:
rm -f obj/*.o
rm DaemonD

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# Plantilla de Servicio/Demonio en GNU/Linux -- DaemonD
Este programa entrega una plantilla básica de como crear un demonio.
# Plantilla - Funcionalidad inicial
Hay algunos pasos a seguir si se desea crear un Demonio a partir de este programa.
## Que hace?
Por defecto al compilarlo, creará un demonio llamado `DaemonD`, que al ser ejecutado crea un archivo `DaemonD.pid` con el Process id del Demonio y un `DaemonD.log` con los mensajes de salida. Cada 60 segundos aproximadamente, muestra un mensaje en el registro. La única forma de detenerlo es mandarle un SIGKILL al proceso.
### Captura de señales
El demonio captura dos señales SIGHUP y SIGKILL. En el caso de recibir un SIGKILL, el proceso se detiene normalmente. En el caso de capturar un SIGHUP da un mensaje en el registro y continua funcionando normalmente. Otras señales son ignoradas. Esto se puede hacer mediante:
`kill -SIGHUP $(cat DaemonD.pid)`
Ya que el archivo `DaemonD.pid` contiene el pid del proceso.
### Registro básico
El código implementa un sistema de registro básico con los siguientes niveles en orden de prioridad LOG_CRITICAL, LOG_WARNING, LOG_NORMAL, LOG_INFO, LOG_DEBUG. El programa escribe en `DaemonD.log` todos los mensajes que tengan una prioridad mayor a la guardada en la variable global `DebugLevel`.
### Daemonize
El programa cuenta con una funcion que realiza todo el proceso de convertir el proceso en un demonio/servicio en GNU/Linux. Todos los pasos se encuentran en esa funcion lo que permite hacer ajustes de manera muy fácil, sin afectar la funcionalidades del programa. Esto permite que la funcion principal (main) quede con un minimo de cóódigo asociado al demonio y pueda utilizarse para agregarle funcionalidades al programa.
# Personalización
## Modificar el Código
Hay que modificar algunos archivos.
* `utils/utils.h`: Contiene la Información sobre donde guardar los archivos y el directorio de trabajo del programa
* `monitor/monitor.c`: Contiene el código útil, donde se debe agregar las funcionalidades
## Compilar el código:
El el directorio base, se debe ejecutar:
`make`
### Pobar el demonio
Una vez compilado, debería generarse un archivo binario que puede ejecutarse:
`./DaemonD`
Por defecto debería crear un archivo `DaemonD.pid` con el Process id del Demonio y un `DaemonD.log` con los mensajes de salida. El programa no recibe ningún parametro, ni imprime ningún mensaje en la pantalla.
## Instalación como servicio
El repo trae una plantilla de como instalar el programa como servicio del sistema, requiere modificar:
* `Makefile`: Debe descomentar la instrucción `install:`.
* `service/DaemonD.service`: Cambiar los nombres por defecto del servicio y el programa. Ajustarlos a los valores reales siguiendo lo realizado en el `Makefile`
Una vez modificado ambos archivos, es posible hacer la instalación ejecutando `make install` despues de hacer un `make`. Para poder realizar estos pasos (sobretodo la instalación como servicio) se requieren privilegios de *superusuario*.
# Contacto
Sugerencias, ayuda o comentarios a israel.figueroa@ilab.cl.

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/*
Template para Demonios en Linux (DaemonD)
Israel Figueroa <israel dot figueroa at ilab dot cl> May 2009
Based on:
UNIX Daemon Server Programming Sample Program
Levent Karakas <levent at mektup dot at> May 2001
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "monitor/monitor.h"
#include "util/util.h"
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
int DebugLevel;
bool Running;
void signal_handler(int sig){
extern bool Running;
switch(sig) {
case SIGHUP:
DaemonLog(LOG_INFO,"Recibida señal SIGHUP");
break;
case SIGTERM:
DaemonLog(LOG_NORMAL,"Recibida señal SIGTERM");
Running = false;
break;
}
}
void daemonize(){
int i,lfp;
char str[10];
/* Si ya es un demonio, sale sin hacer nada */
if(getppid()==1) return;
DaemonLog(LOG_DEBUG,"Entrando en modo Demonio");
i=fork();
if (i<0) _exit(1); /* Error al hacer un fork */
if (i>0) _exit(0); /* El proceso padre sale con exito */
/* El proceso hijo (daemon) continua */
setsid(); /* obtain a new process group */
for (i=getdtablesize();i>=0;--i) close(i); /* cierra los archivos estandar */
i=open("/dev/null",O_RDWR); dup(i); dup(i); /* y los conecta a /dev/null */
umask(027); /* Configura la mascara de creación de archivos del proceso */
chdir(RUNNING_DIR); /* cambia el directorio actual */
/* Guarda el ID del proceso en un archivo */
lfp=open(PID_FILE,O_RDWR|O_CREAT,0640);
if (lfp<0) _exit(1); /* Si no puede guardar el PID termina */
if (lockf(lfp,F_TLOCK,0)<0) _exit(0); /* Si n opuede obtener el lock termina */
sprintf(str,"%d\n",getpid());
write(lfp,str,strlen(str));
/* ignora las señales */
signal(SIGCHLD,SIG_IGN);
signal(SIGTSTP,SIG_IGN);
signal(SIGTTOU,SIG_IGN);
signal(SIGTTIN,SIG_IGN);
/* estas señales son proceadas */
/* por la funcion signal_handler */
signal(SIGHUP,signal_handler);
signal(SIGTERM,signal_handler);
}
int main(void){
extern int DebugLevel;
extern bool Running;
Running = true;
DebugLevel = LOG_INFO;
DaemonLog(LOG_NORMAL,"DaemonD iniciando!");
daemonize();
DaemonLog(LOG_DEBUG,"Modo servicio iniciado");
monitor();
DaemonLog(LOG_NORMAL,"DaemonD saliendo correctamente.");
return 0;
}

20
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#include "../util/util.h"
#include "monitor.h"
#include <unistd.h>
void monitor(){
extern bool Running;
int contador = 0;
DaemonLog(LOG_DEBUG,"Entrando en un loop Infinito!");
while(Running){
sleep(1); /* Duerme un segundo */
contador ++;
if (contador > 59){
DaemonLog(LOG_INFO,"60 segundos han pasado");
contador = 0;
}
}
}

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/*
* DaemonD main code declaration
*
* */
void monitor(void);

0
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[Unit]
Description=Servicio de Muestra
After=syslog.target network.target
[Service]
User=root
Group=root
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/DaemonD
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

46
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/*
* SPPmonD utility functions
*
* */
#include "util.h"
#include <time.h>
#include <stdio.h>
extern int DebugLevel;
void DaemonLog(int type, const char *message){
if(type <= DebugLevel){
FILE *logfile;
const struct tm *tm;
time_t now;
char s[40];
logfile=fopen(LOG_FILE,"a");
if(!logfile) return;
now = time ( NULL );
tm = localtime ( &now );
strftime ( s, 40, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", tm );
if(type == LOG_DEBUG){
fprintf(logfile,"[%s][Debug ] %s\n",s,message);
}
else if(type == LOG_INFO){
fprintf(logfile,"[%s][Info ] %s\n",s,message);
}
else if(type == LOG_NORMAL){
fprintf(logfile,"[%s][Normal ] %s\n",s,message);
}
else if(type == LOG_WARNING){
fprintf(logfile,"[%s][Warning ] %s\n",s,message);
}
else{
fprintf(logfile,"[%s][Critical] %s\n",s,message);
}
fclose(logfile);
}
}

17
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/*
* DaemonD utility functions
*
* */
#define bool int
#define true 1
#define false 0
#define RUNNING_DIR "./"
#define LOG_FILE "DaemonD.log"
#define PID_FILE "DaemonD.pid"
enum levels {LOG_CRITICAL=1, LOG_WARNING, LOG_NORMAL, LOG_INFO, LOG_DEBUG};
void DaemonLog(int type, const char *message);

31
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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title> Titulo de la pagina, esto va en la barra del navegador o pestaña</title>
<head>
<body>
<h1>Título Principal / Capitulo</h1>
<!-- Esto es un comentario, este mensaje no será mostrado en el navegador. -->
<h2>Título Secundario / Seccion</h2>
<h6>Título Nivel Seis</h6>
<p>Este es un parrafo, tiene las mismas caracteristicas que un documento. Originalmente <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML">HTML</a> fue pensado como un formato ampliado de los archivos de texto plano. Hasta entonces, la única manera de escribir documento era usando archivos TXT convencionales, lo cual no daba posibilidad de tener <b>texto resaltado</b> o vinculo a <a href="http://google.cl">otras páginas</a>.</p>
<p>De esta manera HTML permitió revolucionar el texto, dandole una nueva dimensión al permitir tener atributos o vinculos con otros documentos, algo no visto antes en los medios escritos convencionales como los libros y revistas.</p>
<p>Claramente, esto no fue más que el principio, hoy en dia HTML es mucho mas que solo un lenguaje de Hyper Texto, básicamente se pueden implementar UI (user interface) completas en este lenguaje mediante sus extensiones como:</p>
<ul>
<li>Javascript (JS): Lenguaje de programación para los navegadores. Permite hacer interactiva la experiencia en el extremo del cliente</li>
<li>Cascade Style Sheets (CSS): Sistema para aplicar formato a múltiples páginas. Esto permite cambiar la estética de un sitio completo modificando sólo un archivo.</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<p>Otros TAGs HTML que existen desde el principio son las <i>itálicas</i>,<br>los saltos de línea (html
ignora
los
enter y espacios en blanco en el documento) </p>
<p style="color:red; font-family:courier; background-color:lightgreen;"> Los TAGs permiten también modificadores, parámetros que permiten darle formatos personalizados.</p>
<img src="img/EjayQ10E.jpg" width="200px" alt="Este es un mensaje de Mr.X" />
</body>
</html>

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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<!-- Required meta tags -->
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">
<!-- Bootstrap CSS -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-JcKb8q3iqJ61gNV9KGb8thSsNjpSL0n8PARn9HuZOnIxN0hoP+VmmDGMN5t9UJ0Z" crossorigin="anonymous">
<title>Colores en Bootstrap</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>Botones de Colores!</h3>
<div>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Primary</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary">Secondary</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-success">Success</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-danger">Danger</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-warning">Warning</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-info">Info</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-light">Light</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-dark">Dark</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-link">Link</button>
</div>
<h3>Botones con bordes y animación!</h3>
<div>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-primary">Primary</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-secondary">Secondary</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-success">Success</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-danger">Danger</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-warning">Warning</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-info">Info</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-light">Light</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-dark">Dark</button>
</div>
<h3>De diferentes tamaños!</h3>
<div>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg">Large button</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary btn-lg">Large button</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Small button</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary btn-sm">Small button</button>
</div>
<h3>Formularios</h3>
<div>
<form>
<div class="form-row">
<div class="form-group col-md-6">
<label for="inputEmail4">Email</label>
<input type="email" class="form-control" id="inputEmail4">
</div>
<div class="form-group col-md-6">
<label for="inputPassword4">Password</label>
<input type="password" class="form-control" id="inputPassword4">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="inputAddress">Address</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputAddress" placeholder="1234 Main St">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="inputAddress2">Address 2</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputAddress2" placeholder="Apartment, studio, or floor">
</div>
<div class="form-row">
<div class="form-group col-md-6">
<label for="inputCity">City</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputCity">
</div>
<div class="form-group col-md-4">
<label for="inputState">State</label>
<select id="inputState" class="form-control">
<option selected>Choose...</option>
<option>...</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="form-group col-md-2">
<label for="inputZip">Zip</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputZip">
</div>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<div class="form-check">
<input class="form-check-input" type="checkbox" id="gridCheck">
<label class="form-check-label" for="gridCheck">
Check me out
</label>
</div>
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">Sign in</button>
</form>
</div>
<h3>... y más</h3>
<div>
El sitio tiene <a href="https://getbootstrap.com/docs/4.5/components/">documentación extensiva</a> de como utilizar la biblioteca, para darle a los sitios web un look moderno sin tener que escribir CSS adicional. Esta es una biblioteca que esta siendo desarrollada activamente, dispone de temas gratuitos disponibles asi como ejemplos de sitios para poder utilizar en desarrollos.</p>
</div>
<!-- Optional JavaScript -->
<!-- jQuery first, then Popper.js, then Bootstrap JS -->
<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.5.1.slim.min.js" integrity="sha384-DfXdz2htPH0lsSSs5nCTpuj/zy4C+OGpamoFVy38MVBnE+IbbVYUew+OrCXaRkfj" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/popper.js@1.16.1/dist/umd/popper.min.js" integrity="sha384-9/reFTGAW83EW2RDu2S0VKaIzap3H66lZH81PoYlFhbGU+6BZp6G7niu735Sk7lN" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-B4gt1jrGC7Jh4AgTPSdUtOBvfO8shuf57BaghqFfPlYxofvL8/KUEfYiJOMMV+rV" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
</body>
</html>

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<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<style>
.error { color: #FF0000;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2> Formulario HTML </h2>
<p> <span class = "error" >* campos requeridos </span> </p>
<form method = "post" action = "" >
Nombre :<input type="text" name="nombre" value="" >
<span class="error" >* </span>
<br> <br>
E-mail :<input type="text" name="correo" value="" >
<span class="error" >* </span>
<br> <br>
Web : <input type="text" name="sitio" value ="" >
<span class="error" ></span>
<br> <br>
Comentario : <textarea name = "mensaje" rows="5" cols="40" ></textarea>
<br> <br>
Genero :
<input type="radio" name="genero" value = "female" > Femenino
<input type="radio" name="genero" value = "male" > Masculino
<input type="radio" name="genero" value = "other" > Otro
<span class="error">*</span>
<br> <br>
<input type="submit" name="enviar" value="Enviar" >
<input type="submit" name="enviar" value="Compartir" >
</form>
</body>
</html>